Python - Execute order of multiple decorators

 Consider the following code example:

print("========== Definition ==========")
def decorator(extra):
    print(" in decorator factory for %s " % extra)
    extra = " %s" % extra
    def inner(func):
        print(" defining decorator %s " % extra)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            print("before %s -- %s" % (func.__name__, extra))
            func(*args, **kwargs)
            print("after %s -- %s" % (func.__name__, extra))
        return wrapper
    return inner

@decorator('first')
@decorator('middle')
@decorator('last')
def hello():
    print('  Hello ')

print("\n========== Execution ==========")
hello()

The outtput of this code is the following:

========== Definition ==========
 in decorator factory for first 
 in decorator factory for middle 
 in decorator factory for last 
 defining decorator  last 
 defining decorator  middle 
 defining decorator  first 

========== Execution ==========
before wrapper --  first
before wrapper --  middle
before hello --  last
  Hello 
after hello --  last
after wrapper --  middle
after wrapper --  first




from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27342149/decorator-execution-order